What deficiency causes pellagra?

Pellagra is a condition caused by a deficiency in niacin, also known as vitamin B3. Niacin is crucial for various metabolic processes, including the conversion of food into energy and the repair of DNA. When the body lacks sufficient niacin, it leads to the characteristic symptoms of pellagra, which are often summarized as the three D's: dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.

Understanding the role of niacin is important as it contributes to the functioning of enzymes involved in energy metabolism and the synthesis of fatty acids. Therefore, when there is an inadequate intake or inadequate synthesis of this vitamin in the body, the health issues associated with pellagra arise.

The other vitamins mentioned do not cause pellagra. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is associated with beriberi, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency can lead to anemia and neurological issues, and vitamin C deficiency results in scurvy, which is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, swollen gums, and joint pain. Each of these vitamins has distinct functions and deficiency syndromes, which helps clarify why niacin is specifically linked to the development of pellagra.