Is Nifedipine associated with gum hypertrophy and bleeding?

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker commonly used to treat hypertension and angina. One notable side effect associated with the use of nifedipine is gingival overgrowth, also known as gum hypertrophy. This condition manifests as the enlargement of gum tissue, which can lead to aesthetic concerns and, in some cases, difficulty maintaining oral hygiene, potentially resulting in bleeding.

The occurrence of gum hypertrophy with nifedipine is likely linked to the drug's mechanisms involving vasodilation and its effects on fibroblast function in oral tissues. This side effect is not limited to certain populations or dosing ranges; it can occur at standard therapeutic doses and across varied patient demographics, confirming its association with the medication itself rather than factors such as dose or age.

Understanding this side effect is crucial for healthcare providers in monitoring patients on nifedipine, allowing them to provide appropriate dental referrals and management strategies if gum hypertrophy arises.