Multi-Specialty Recruitment Assessment (MSRA) 2026 Practice Test

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• Which condition is linked to the syndrome characterized by RA, splenomegaly, and neutropenia?
• Which rheumatoid arthritis medication may lead to hypertension?
• What is the name of the staging system used for endometrial cancer?
• Is HIV classified as a notifiable disease?
• What is Asherman's syndrome?
• What pre-procedure treatment is typically given to ease the surgical process for endometriomas?
• What characterizes obsessions?
• What describes atrophie blanche?
• What type of infections are B cell/antibody deficiencies typically associated with?
• How might a chronic subdural hematoma typically present in patients?
• What is the AST:ALT ratio in alcoholic hepatitis?
• Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through which of the following?
• Which symptoms are considered ALARM symptoms in patients over 55 years old?
• For patients on azathioprine, what monitoring is advised?
• What pulmonary function test is typically reduced in both obstructive and restrictive lung disease?
• During pregnancy, what is the advised use of azathioprine for a patient with SLE?
• What symptom might indicate an anticholinergic syndrome?
• What symptom is NOT typically associated with a lesion in the conus medullaris?
• Which of the following is a typical feature of Hepatitis B infection?
• Is cervical cancer linked to ten years or more of oral contraceptive use?
• What is the appropriate treatment course for a patient with ineffective topical therapy for psoriasis?
• What additional treatment may be administered alongside urodeoxycholic acid for gallstone disease?
• Which of the following is the most specific first-line investigation for acute pancreatitis?
• What is the best investigation for the workup of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)?
• What is a common method of treatment for Dressler's syndrome?
• How does chronic pancreatitis typically present?
• What complication can arise in a child with Berger's disease?
• Which condition is presented by renal dysfunction, lived reticularis, and digital ischemia after coronary angiography?
• How does dialectical behavioral therapy primarily benefit individuals with borderline personality disorder?
• When is the combined test performed during pregnancy?
• How does a lesion in the conus medullaris typically present?
• What is the main side effect of Doxorubicin?
• Is meconium ileus associated with cystic fibrosis?
• What effect does minocycline have on nails?
• By the age of three, which skill should most children typically be able to perform?
• What is the most appropriate management for febrile seizures?
• What vaccinations are administered to infants at 8 weeks?
• What condition might you suspect if hydrops fetalis is present in a fetus?
• How long does a section 3 last for?
• Which drug is known to cause low sperm count in the management of rheumatoid arthritis?
• What are the criteria for urgent referral for someone with gallstones?
• When is rhesus status checked in a rhesus negative pregnant woman?
• What symptom might a teenage girl with congenital adrenal hyperplasia present with?
• What is the most appropriate treatment for a 34-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism planning a pregnancy?
• How does pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) deficiency typically present?
• In secondary hyperparathyroidism, what does the bone profile typically show?
• What is a symptom of Thrombocytopenic Purpura?
• What is the main treatment for Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)?
• What type of tumor is an atrial myxoma?
• What lung pathology is associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?
• What sign is associated with yellow fever?
• Which virus is most commonly associated with gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old?
• What common gastrointestinal symptom follows shortly after Staphylococcus aureus toxin ingestion?
• What is another drug used in the management of Hodgkin's lymphoma, besides those in the ABVD regimen?
• What type of chromosomal disorder is categorized as red-green color blindness?
• How is lithium toxicity primarily managed?
• What is the effect of aspirin on pregnancy?
• What is the therapeutic window for lithium?
• What is the first-line treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)?
• What medication is commonly paired with calcineurin inhibitors in the immunosuppression regimen?
• What is a common presentation of schizoid personality disorder?
• What is the chance of a woman having a child with Down syndrome at age 35?
• What percentage of individuals over 50 years old in developed countries is affected by H.pylori?
• When should the application of steroids to the same site be stopped in the treatment of psoriasis?
• What is the first-line medication for the management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
• What is a common consequence of untreated lithium toxicity?
• What is used to distinguish between Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a 24-year-old woman experiencing increased clear vaginal discharge and post coital spotting after restarting the pill?
• What is the management approach for symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism?
• What cranial nerve is associated with facial sensory loss in syringobulbia?
• In patients with urinary issues, which symptom indicates a need for immediate medical attention?
• What is the recommended treatment for microalbuminuria?
• Is there currently a screening program for prostate cancer in the UK?
• For a patient with a history of recurrent peri-anal infections, what is the first investigation to order?
• In a patient with renal clear cell carcinoma with adrenal metastasis, which drug is commonly used in first-line treatment?
• Which tuberculosis medication requires adjustment in cases of renal disease?
• What is a known complication of taking beta blockers during pregnancy?
• Which diuretic is effective in treating intracranial pressure?
• What is the primary treatment for pericarditis?
• Regarding symptoms, what best describes individuals with dissocial personality disorder?
• What definitive step is involved in the diagnosis of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)?
• What is the role of vaginal estrogen in managing urge incontinence?
• How is polymyositis primarily diagnosed?
• Which group of infections are individuals with membrane attack complement (MAC) formation deficiency more susceptible to?
• Is amniocentesis related to the risk of fetal limb defects?
• What investigation is primarily used to detect osteolytic lesions in multiple myeloma?
• What is the duration of a section 2 under the Mental Health Act?
• What is Del Castillo Syndrome characterized by?
• What investigation should be arranged for a couple who have not conceived after 24 months of trying?
• What is the investigation of choice for chronic microcytosis in an asymptomatic Mediterranean man?
• In a patient with progressive dysphasia and sensory inattention, where is the likely site of a space-occupying lesion?
• What aspect characterizes rubella's progression after the rash appears?
• What is a common presentation in patients with interstitial nephritis?
• What is the typical biochemical profile found in osteoporosis and osteopenia?
• In chondrodermatitis nodularis, where do tender nodules typically occur?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a 65-year-old woman experiencing distress over believing she died 3 months ago?
• What recent medication usage may affect an H. pylori test result?
• What common condition can lead to acute pancreatitis involving significant alcohol use?
• At what lithium level can significant complications such as seizures occur?
• What best describes Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
• What is the staging system used for lymphoma prior to treatment?
• What is a characteristic feature of Behcets disease?
• What is a potential severe symptom of lead poisoning?
• How does Osgood-Schlatter disease typically present?
• What is one of the key roles of the antibodies detected in SLE?
• In the context of personality disorders, what does "labile" refer to?
• Which of the following can result in long QT intervals?
• What type of abdominal pain is commonly associated with ulcerative colitis?
• In which scenario should aspirin be avoided?
• What is the incubation period for Campylobacter jejuni?
• What is the most discriminatory investigation for a patient presenting with headaches, fever, and rose spots after returning from Pakistan?
• What movement disorder is most commonly associated with post-varicella infection?
• What is the typical presentation of infantile colic?
• What is the routine antenatal investigation for detecting Down syndrome?
• What criteria indicate an urgent 2-week referral to the breast clinic?
• Which of the following investigations is considered the most sensitive for diagnosing gallstones?
• What is the standard treatment regimen for active chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
• What is the normal heart rate for a child between 1 and 2 years old?
• Which treatment is appropriate for managing myelofibrosis?
• Which testicular tumor is associated with a positive pregnancy test?
• In the context of pregnancy, what is an effect of aspirin?
• What is the most definitive investigation to diagnose coeliac disease?
• What is the main drug used for malaria prophylaxis?
• What is another name for Berger's disease?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with hydrophobia and neuropsychiatric symptoms after returning from Cuba?
• What test is commonly used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea?
• What is a common management strategy for stress incontinence?
• Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)?
• What treatment combination is typically used for Hodgkin's lymphoma?
• What does the pathergy test diagnose?
• For HIV, what is the purpose of measuring CD4 count?
• What visual field defect is typically associated with toxic neuropathy?
• A newborn baby presents cyanosed with no murmur and oligaemic lung fields. What is the likely diagnosis?
• What is indicated by mid-cycle lower abdominal pain that resolves spontaneously in an 18-year-old?
• What is the recommended frequency for surveillance colonoscopy in individuals with Lynch syndrome?
• What is the primary feature of Korsakoff's syndrome?
• What is the normal heart rate for children between 2 and 5 years old?
• Which electrolyte abnormality is commonly found in anorexia nervosa?
• What is a common risk of using aspirin during pregnancy?
• What is the normal heart rate range for a 6-year-old girl?
• Is thrombocytosis associated with Kawasaki disease?
• What is commonly seen on examination of a patient with cranial nerve involvement in syringobulbia?
• Which antibody is typically associated with primary biliary cirrhosis?
• Pellagra is associated with which symptoms referred to as the "3 Ds"?
• What is the recommended treatment for renal amyloidosis?
• What is an important consideration in the management of infantile colic?
• A 53-year-old woman presents with a small, non-tender, smooth lump in her neck. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What condition is suggested by a 1cm swelling adjacent to the thyroid and symptoms of weight loss and night sweats?
• What deficiency causes pellagra?
• What is the main difference between the types of benzodiazepines?
• What is a common side effect of Cisplatin?
• When do symptoms of P. falciparum malaria typically present?
• What is the initial management for acute angle-closure glaucoma?
• What is a characteristic feature of schizoid personality disorder?
• What does Othello syndrome commonly involve?
• What does cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow provide in the context of AML?
• What common symptoms correlate with lesions at the cerebellopontine angle?
• Is it true that 50% of deaths occur within 2 hours of myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms?
• Which symptom is common in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?
• Which of the following is an expected symptom during Campylobacter jejuni infection?
• What effect do ACE inhibitors have on pregnancy when taken during the second trimester?
• When should concern arise regarding a child's growth?
• What is the normal heart rate for infants younger than 1 year old?
• Can exercise tolerance tests reliably diagnose or exclude coronary artery disease?
• What is the most common cause of rupture of the supraspinatus tendon?
• Which symptom is associated with a lesion in the temporal lobe?
• In cases of unresponsive postpartum hemorrhage, what is the next step after bimanual compression?
• What is often noted in histology for patients with Crohn's disease?
• What condition results from hyperviscosity syndrome?
• Which of the following drugs is a protease inhibitor used in HIV management?
• What type of hypertension can be associated with cotton wool spots in the retina?
• How does relapsing polychondritis typically present?
• What rare complication might occur in CLL patients?
• Why does mammography sensitivity increase with age?
• What is the maximum time frame of a section 4?
• What type of sensory loss occurs below the level of a syringobulbia lesion?
• What is the primary difference between Berger's disease and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
• What is the pharmacological management for HER2 positive gastric adenocarcinoma?
• What investigation can be used to differentiate between bacterial and non-bacterial exacerbation of COPD?
• What are the main types of dissociative disorders?
• Which symptom is NOT typically associated with nephrotic syndrome?
• What distinguishes TACO from TRALI in clinical presentation?
• What is a common characteristic of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
• What does serology typically indicate for a previous Hepatitis A infection or immunity from vaccination?
• Do cerebellar strokes typically present with ipsilateral symptoms?
• What is the main reproductive investigation for a male whose partner has normal fertility and they have been trying to conceive for two years?
• What is the management for a patient on warfarin with an INR of 5-8 and minor bleeding?
• What clinical symptom is commonly associated with Onchocerciasis?
• Which testing method can identify H.pylori infection?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a 18-year-old boy with a 1cm swelling adjacent to the thyroid and normal thyroid function?
• What type of abnormal cells are typically found in iron deficiency anemia?
• Which ethnic group is predominantly affected by Behcets disease?
• What factor is likely to worsen symptoms in osteochondritis dissecans?
• What is a treatment option for symptomatic patients with kidney stones over 7mm?
• What is modular prurigo?
• How is red degeneration of fibroids in pregnancy best managed?
• What clinical presentation is characteristic of a basilar infarct?
• What type of abnormal cells is generally observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
• What condition is suggested by a "beaded appearance" on ERCP?
• What condition is suggested by the presence of schistocytes in a blood film?
• Are glitazones known to be associated with hepatotoxicity?
• Which conditions are often linked to complement deficiencies?
• What symptoms are typically involved in the triad of Janz syndrome?
• What reaction is erythema multiforme primarily associated with?
• Which condition is characterized by ataxia, nystagmus, and ophthalmoplegia?
• What characterizes lupus pernio in patients?
• What is the most common cause of disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
• How does right ventricular hypertrophy appear on an ECG?
• Which anatomical defect is associated with pulmonary atresia?
• A 16-year-old girl presents with urinary retention and a history of crampy abdominal pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What is the first-line investigation for acute interstitial nephritis?
• What abnormal cell findings are characteristic of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?
• Which feature is characteristic of osteoarthritis (OA) on an X-ray?
• What is the main risk factor for necrotising enterocolitis?
• What is the investigation of choice for a white girl with chronic anaemia, enlarged spleen, increased reticulocyte count and reduced haptoglobin levels?
• What is a complication of Kawasaki disease that requires follow-up?
• What movement disorder is characterized by slow, writhing movements, especially in individuals with cerebral palsy?
• Which medication is commonly used to treat proteinuria associated with membranous nephropathy?
• What is the most common cause of raised unconjugated bilirubin in newborns within the first 24 hours of life?
• What does psychodynamic therapy primarily focus on?
• Which of the following is an expected management option for a patient with hemorrhagic complications of myelofibrosis?
• Under what conditions should a patient with sinusitis be referred to ENT?
• Which specific symptoms might indicate disseminated gonorrhea?
• What is the most common valvular disorder in pregnancy and among women?
• In histology, how does ulcerative colitis typically present?
• What characterizes a Marjolin's ulcer?
• What does paraphimosis refer to?
• What characterizes dermatitis artefacta?
• What is the impact of age on ANA levels in individuals over 65?
• Which of the following is a localizing sign of a lesion in the cerebellum?
• What antibodies are commonly found in patients with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis?
• What is a common presentation of acute seroconversion illness in HIV?
• Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with anticholinergic syndrome?
• What symptom would you expect to assess in a patient with ulcerative colitis?
• How does yellow fever typically present after infection?
• What is one of the primary methods of transmission for Hepatitis E?
• Which of the following describes classical lacunar stroke syndromes?
• What is the primary cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
• What is the standard treatment for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?
• What are the indications for emergency dialysis?
• How does Enoxaparin work?
• How is the FeverPAIN score calculated?
• What are neutrophil defects typically associated with?
• What is the recommended management for uncomplicated falciparum malaria?
• Which monitoring is necessary for a patient taking methotrexate?
• Which medical treatment is typically used for gallstone disease in patients unfit for surgery?
• What is an appropriate response for someone with an INR greater than 8 and experiencing minor bleeding?
• What is the typical laboratory finding associated with gout?
• Which signs can indicate biliary obstruction in a patient with gallstones?
• Is bleomycin associated with the development of lung fibrosis?
• How does hydrops fetalis typically present?
• How would the Hepatitis B serology appear for an immunized individual?
• Which class of drugs includes zidovudine and lamivudine?
• What is the most appropriate antidepressant for someone who is depressed with a background of IBS?
• Which of the following is a contraindication for performing a lumbar puncture?
• In patients with renal amyloidosis, which symptom could indicate a severe issue?
• What is the most common cause of breathlessness and fever after surgery?
• Which condition is characterized by prolonged secondary hyperparathyroidism?
• What is the primary cause of secondary post-partum hemorrhage?
• What is the primary reason for conducting a sialogram in suspected sialolithiasis?
• What is Caplan syndrome associated with?
• What is a characteristic sign of Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) observed during fundoscopy?
• What condition is characterized by blockage of the hepatic veins?
• Which surgical procedure is recommended for BPH when the prostate is smaller than 30g?
• What complication is associated with Boerhaave syndrome?
• What is a key characteristic of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid?
• Is interferon safe to use in treating autoimmune hepatitis?
• What is the typical incubation period for Staphylococcus aureus associated food poisoning?
• What does the presence of cotton wool spots in a young man with visual impairment indicate?
• What is the most common site of metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma?
• What finding is typically associated with Aortic Sclerosis?
• What is the treatment for autoimmune thrombocytopenia?
• At what age is a child likely to pull themselves to stand using furniture?
• What does prolonged right ventricular hypertrophy reflect on an ECG?
• What characteristic behavior is associated with the personality disorder where individuals display shallow emotions?
• What does the presence of anti-IgM HBc signify?
• Which of the following conditions might require monitoring with APTT?
• What is the mechanism of action of propylthiouracil (PTU)?
• What imaging technique is often the first step in investigating suspected gallstone disease?
• What is the most appropriate drug of choice for a 42-year-old patient with bacterial tonsillitis who is allergic to penicillins?
• Which laboratory test is crucial for confirming a diagnosis of hemophilia?
• Which surgical technique is considered the gold standard for detecting endometriomas?
• What is one method to manage parkinsonism caused by antipsychotics?
• What are the main symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
• In patients with digoxin toxicity, what electrolyte imbalance should be monitored due to its potential to worsen the condition?
• What is a common presentation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)?
• What is the first-line management for severe falciparum malaria?
• What is the management for a PCOS patient showing early visible changes of hirsutism who requires menstrual cycle control?
• What would be a potential sign of a midbrain lesion?
• What distinguishes social phobia from agoraphobia?
• What dietary advice should individuals prescribed with MAO inhibitors be given?
• What laboratory tests are essential to investigate for biliary obstruction in PBC?
• What is the primary behavior exhibited by individuals with factitious disorder?
• What is a common effect seen with lesions in the left hemisphere in right-handed individuals?
• What is the initial management approach for incidental carotid artery dissection without evidence of bleeding?
• Which behavior is characteristic of dissocial personality disorder?
• Which syndrome is commonly associated with T cell deficiencies?
• How does chronic graft dysfunction typically present in patients?
• How is AL amyloidosis primarily diagnosed?
• Which condition is classified as a type of autoimmune small vessel vasculitis?
• What finding would likely indicate a severe infection in a case of malignant otitis externa?
• What type of antibodies would be negative in an immunized Hepatitis B patient?
• What is the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea?
• Which symptoms are commonly associated with beriberi?
• What are compulsions often triggered by?
• What is Weil's disease caused by?
• What is the initial investigation recommended for a patient presenting with Crohn's disease?
• What hearing levels are considered normal on an audiogram?
• Which acronym can help recall causes of pancreatitis?
• What are common complications that post-renal transplant patients may face?
• What type of diabetes insipidus is caused by lithium treatment?
• What characteristic finding on a pelvic radiograph would suggest osteomalacia?
• What is the curative treatment for ulcerative colitis in severe cases?
• Symptoms of an atrial myxoma may change with what?
• What is the appropriate treatment for a partial staghorn calculus in a 49-year-old woman with a functioning kidney?
• What is the recommended management for gonorrhea?
• Which stage follows the sporozoite injection in the life cycle of Plasmodium within the human host?
• At what gestational age is chorionic villus sampling typically performed?
• In Kawasaki disease, what laboratory finding is commonly observed?
• What is the treatment of choice for bacterial vaginosis?
• What complications are associated with a sliding hiatus hernia?
• What is Cooley's anemia also known as?
• What is the management strategy for submucous fibroids that allows for the retention of fertility?
• Can warfarin be safely used in breastfeeding mothers?
• What is a common symptom of chronic pancreatitis related to dietary intake?
• How is chondrodermatitis nodularis different from other skin conditions?
• What type of hypersensitivity reaction is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
• What is a common presentation of a right caudate hemorrhage?
• Which treatment would be recommended for a breastfeeding mother with HIV?
• What is the recommended approach for managing a PCOS patient with multiple small cysts who is asymptomatic?
• Which of the following is a common symptom of an atrial myxoma?
• In a woman treated with clomiphene for infertility, increasing breathlessness and abdominal distension indicates what condition?
• What is the appropriate initial investigation for bilateral non-pulsatile tinnitus without other symptoms?
• What is the primary management for follicular lymphoma?
• Which type of nystagmus is associated with severe congenital visual impairment?
• How does carotid artery dissection typically present?
• What imaging finding is commonly associated with chronic pancreatitis?
• What is a defining trait of histrionic personality disorder?
• For a 32-year-old obese woman with large intramural fibroids causing severe menorrhagia, what is the most appropriate management option?
• Which of the following is a contraindication for an exercise ECG test?
• What are common symptoms associated with a hydatidiform mole in pregnancy?
• What condition is characterized as Kartagener's syndrome?
• What is a notable consequence of C2 deficiency?
• What condition is Ludwigs angina related to?
• What is the most common cause of posterior shoulder dislocation?
• What distinguishes seminomas from teratomas in testicular tumors?
• What might be a finding in blood tests for a patient with AML?
• What is the usual procedure for abortion after 15 weeks of pregnancy?
• What characterizes transudative pleural effusion?
• What is the antidote for low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) overdose?
• Dialectical behavioral therapy is primarily utilized for which of the following?
• Which of the following is a hallmark of relapsing polychondritis?
• What indicates diffuse social phobia?
• What is the most common cardiovascular abnormality in adults with Marfan's syndrome?
• Which of the following is a symptom of Boerhaave syndrome?
• How does Friedreich's ataxia typically present in its early stages?
• What is the ongoing eye screening program recommended for diabetic patients?
• What genetic inheritance pattern is associated with Bernard-Soulier syndrome?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for swelling of the thenar eminence and inability to move the thumb?
• What is a characteristic feature of discrete social phobia?
• Does smoking increase the risk of hyperemesis gravidarum?
• Which clinical feature is often present in congenital rubella syndrome?
• What is the criteria for reducing kidney function after starting ACE inhibitors?
• What is the definitive treatment for primary hepatocellular carcinoma?
• What is one possible treatment for severe agoraphobia?
• What is the primary management approach for endometriomas?
• Which of the following best describes aplastic anemia presentation?
• In the context of driving regulations, how long must an epileptic patient be seizure-free to regain driving privileges?
• What antiepileptics are first-line treatments for partial seizures?
• Which factors are associated with breast cancer?
• What condition is characterized by infrequent generalized seizures primarily occurring in the morning?
• What is a potential side effect of thiazide diuretics in pregnancy related to blood components?
• How does posterior scleritis typically present?
• What test is primarily used to investigate Guillain-Barre syndrome?
• What symptom is frequently associated with a hydatidiform mole?
• What is the prognosis for young patients diagnosed with breast cancer?
• What is one characteristic of adjustment disorder?
• What screening is recommended for pregnant women with a history of gestational diabetes?
• What characterizes Ogilvie syndrome?
• What is the next step in management for a patient who has experienced a myocardial infarction and is not suitable for reperfusion therapy, having been given aspirin?
• What is the primary management strategy for Kawasaki disease?
• Which symptoms are associated with chondromalacia patellae?
• What is the management for a 62-year-old woman with several months of symptoms suggestive of Meniere's disease?
• What are the indications for Long Term Oxygen Therapy (LTOT)?
• What is the first-line investigation for salivary gland stone (sialolithiasis)?
• What is a common cause of Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB)?
• What is Berger's disease commonly known as?
• Are gastric lymphomas associated with an H pylori infection?
• What is the first-line treatment for cryptococcal meningitis?
• How does iron overdose typically present?
• In patients with polycythemia vera, what non-pharmacologic method is recommended to manage their symptoms?
• What is the CD4 count that is indicative of AIDS?
• What does a coagulation screen commonly show in AML patients?
• Is it true that the benefits of estrogen therapy are maintained only as long as treatment is continued for 5-10 years?
• Adjustment disorder typically lasts for how long after an initial stressor?
• Which of the following best describes the overall impact of NSAIDs on the ductus arteriosus?
• Which antibiotic is primarily used for lifelong prophylaxis in sickle cell patients?
• Which condition is characterized by failure of oesophageal peristalsis and relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter?
• Which of the following exemplifies a somatoform disorder?
• When is the Men-ACWY vaccine typically given?
• What is the primary treatment modality for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
• Which complication is associated with untreated gonorrhea infections in women?
• What is evaluated during the quadruple test?
• What is the treatment for a pregnant woman diagnosed with chicken pox?
• What is the most likely medication causing a rash in a 21-year-old being treated for acne?
• During a hydatidiform mole diagnosis, what is likely to be elevated?
• Which COPD medication is associated with affecting blood sugar control?
• What requirement is necessary for Hepatitis D virus to infect?
• What infection is characterized by recurrent fevers, painful joints, and hepatosplenomegaly in a man returning from a trip to Saudi Arabia?
• Which antibodies are associated with limited systemic sclerosis, commonly referred to as CREST syndrome?
• What is the most common cause of orbital cellulitis?
• What are Kayser-Fleischer rings associated with?
• What distinguishes the pain associated with gastric ulcers from that of duodenal ulcers?
• Which fetal defect is lithium associated with during pregnancy?
• In a case of a painful elbow after a fall, what is the most likely diagnosis indicated by a posterior fat pad on an x-ray?
• What condition may require a pacemaker due to its symptoms?
• Which of the following is a characteristic of Tourette's syndrome?
• What are small irregular pupils that don't react to light indicative of?
• What are common symptoms of hypercalcemia?
• What is the most common symptom of central venous thrombosis?
• What are the characteristic features of tetralogy of Fallot?
• Which of the following is the likely diagnosis for a 45-year-old woman with chronic renal impairment and a history of recurrent UTIs?
• What vaccination is given alongside the Meningitis C booster at one year of age?
• Which of the following conditions can lead to Budd-Chiari syndrome?
• What procedure can be performed at 12 weeks gestation to investigate sickle cell anemia?
• What antibodies are typically associated with Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome)?
• Initial management of acute pancreatitis typically includes?
• What is a characteristic feature of ichthyosis?
• What is the treatment for rheumatic fever?
• Which area is likely affected in a 32-year-old woman experiencing left-sided deafness and facial palsy?
• Which chromosomal translocation is associated with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a 25-year-old man with a 9-day history of mucopurulent anal discharge, blood in stool, and pain while opening his bowels?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a 26-year-old Asian lady with low plasma calcium and elevated ALP?
• Which vaccines are provided at 12 weeks of age?
• What are the components of the triple screen conducted during pregnancy?
• What underlying condition is commonly associated with malignant otitis externa?
• Which disorder is characterized by a tendency to disregard social norms and an inability to change behavior in response to punishment?
• What does a medical abortion typically involve within the first 9 weeks of pregnancy?
• What visual field defect is characteristically found in retinitis pigmentosa?
• Which of the following is a possible effect of thiazide diuretics during pregnancy?
• What is the most common movement disorder seen in patients with cerebral palsy?
• What autoimmune marker is associated with Churg-Strauss syndrome?
• Which heart sound is commonly found in cases of left ventricular failure?
• What treatment is generally indicated for anticholinergic syndrome?
• What condition is indicated by hematuria and dysuria in a patient recently returned from Malawi?
• Which symptoms are associated with clinical presentation of methanol poisoning?
• What is the recommended management for a pregnant woman with AIDS?
• Is Nifedipine associated with gum hypertrophy and bleeding?
• At what gestational age is a nuchal translucency scan usually performed?
• What is the typical management approach for confirmed ethmoidal sinusitis?
• What is the first-line treatment for hemolytic uremic syndrome?
• What common symptom helps distinguish between myopathy and polymyositis?
• How do lipomas typically present?
• Which ancillary test is recommended every 6 months for patients on lithium?
• What is the most common type of renal cell cancer found in adults?
• What is the most likely cause of abdominal pain in a 35-year-old who is 10 days postpartum?
• What is xerosis commonly referred to as?
• What immediate action should be taken if a patient presents with a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
• What behaviors are associated with conduct disorders in individuals under 18 years old?
• What characteristic distinguishes a chronic subdural hematoma from other types?
• Which of the following conditions is linked to gastrin-secreting adenomas?
• Which medication is not recommended for elderly patients with urge incontinence?
• Which statement is true about granuloma annulare?
• What is the most common cancer in nulliparous and subfertile women?
• Which symptom is a major diagnostic criterion for chronic sinusitis?
• What complication may arise during the first trimester due to a hydatidiform mole?
• What condition is characterized by thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency?
• What is the initial management for a patient on warfarin with an INR greater than 8 and minor bleeding?
• What are the typical presentations of a unilateral lesion in the pons?
• Is an X-ray required to confirm the diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) in individuals over 45?
• According to the Ottawa rules for ankle x-ray indications, what does inability to weight bear refer to?
• What type of tumors does BEP chemotherapy treat?
• What is the first-line treatment for gonorrhea?
• In a patient with severe heartburn and negative H. pylori stool test, what should be the next step in investigation?
• What symptom is most likely associated with new onset diabetes post-transplant?
• A 12-year-old boy has nausea, vomiting, and testicular pain with point tenderness. What is the likely diagnosis?
• How is the PR interval affected in Wolf Parkinson White syndrome?
• When should a child born to an HIV-positive mother be routinely tested for HIV?
• Which abnormality might result from the dysfunction of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal axis in anorexia nervosa?
• What genetic pattern is most commonly associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
• What is the term for a yellow deposit noted between the canthus and the edge of the cornea?
• Which mutation is responsible for MEN1 syndrome?
• What monitoring is required for lithium therapy?
• What is the most common chromosomal abnormality found in a newborn girl with lymphoedema and a low hairline?
• What are the key laboratory findings in patients with microscopic polyangiitis?
• In patients with SLE choosing to continue azathioprine during pregnancy, what potential risk should they be aware of?
• What is the main difference between mesothelioma and asbestosis in terms of exposure?
• What is hemibalismus characterized by?
• Neurofibromatosis primarily leads to the formation of what type of growth?
• What should be done for a patient on warfarin with an INR greater than 8 and no bleeding?
• Which symptom is commonly experienced after meals in cases of sliding hiatus hernia?
• When is the quadruple test typically done during pregnancy?
• A 4-year-old girl has abdominal pain, fever, and a large palpable abdominal mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What is the significance of burns at the extremes of age in referral criteria?
• What defines Arnold-Chiari malformation?
• Which treatment is used to ease symptoms from severe endometriosis aside from surgery?
• How does digoxin toxicity typically present itself?
• Which imaging method is recommended for suspected breast cancer in individuals over 35 years old?
• What is the initial treatment for chlamydia infection?
• What procedure is commonly used for abortion between 7 and 15 weeks?
• What is Bartter syndrome?
• What type of chromosomal disorder is familial Adenomatous polyposis coli?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for an asymptomatic teenager presenting with a very loud pansystolic murmur at the lower left sternal edge?
• What is a common presentation of a tetanus infection?
• What is the first-line treatment for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals with a QRISK of >10%?
• What percentage of individuals may develop acute seroconversion illness after HIV infection?
• What age group is most commonly associated with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis?
• In women with Lynch Syndrome, which additional cancers are they at risk for developing?
• What is a recommended management option for urge incontinence?
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can manifest after what type of event?
• What eye symptoms are commonly associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
• What is a common cause of erythema multiforme?
• What are some typical symptoms of sick sinus syndrome?
• What additional treatment might be considered for DOAC overdose if bleeding occurs?
• What test can be used to diagnose fetal CMV infection at 24 weeks gestation?
• Which test is primarily used to diagnose HIV?
• What is the first-line management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)?
• What is a common presentation of Weil's disease?
• What is the most common cause of a humeral fracture?
• How are extracapsular hip fractures usually managed?
• What is a common symptom of myoclonus?
• What is a common management strategy for managing sinusitis?
• What is a characteristic finding in the eye for a patient with diabetes mellitus?
• How does Onchocerciasis primarily present in patients?
• What is a common manifestation of Bernard-Soulier syndrome?
• What is the main difference between syringobulbia and syringomyelia?
• What signifies a red flag in the context of spinal fractures?
• What is a possible effect of carbimazole on pregnancy?
• What causes Lymphogranuloma venereum?
• What is the standard treatment for Minimal Change Disease?
• What is the common demographic for Osgood-Schlatter disease?
• Which of the following are fetal manifestations of CMV infection?
• In the case of a 66-year-old with polyuria, weight loss, and normal blood tests except for elevated HbA1C, what is the most appropriate next investigation?
• What differentiates an obsession from a normal thought?
• Are ACE inhibitors during pregnancy linked to any fetal abnormalities?
• What could be a cause of false localizing signs in a neurological assessment?
• In Friedreich's ataxia, which other symptom may develop as the condition progresses?
• What syndrome includes parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreas tumors?
• What reaction occurs if metronidazole is taken with alcohol?
• What is the commonly used immunosuppression regimen for organ transplant patients?
• What is a common feature of anankastic personality disorder?
• Is clubbing typically recognized as associated with bronchitis?
• In the context of DVT management during pregnancy, how long should compression stockings be worn?
• What characterizes Scheuermann's disease in terms of spinal alignment?
• What symptom is most characteristic of Brown Sequard syndrome?
• What is Von Hippel-Lindau disease?
• What is the recommended management for an incidental finding of a 6cm AAA?
• What is notable about the treatment of tardive dyskinesia?
• In a 60-year-old patient, what findings may indicate left atrial hypertrophy secondary to mitral stenosis?
• What is a common clinical presentation associated with multiple myeloma?
• What are the components of Felty's syndrome?
• What is the medical condition treated with Antithymocyte globulin?
• What should be done if serum transaminase exceeds three times their respective upper limit while on statins?
• What is a potential early life presentation of a baby that survived Listeriosis?
• What is a key feature of agoraphobia?
• What is the primary treatment for Weil's disease?
• Which investigation is primarily diagnostic for multiple myeloma?
• Which cranial nerve is affected by vertigo in syringobulbia?
• A 7-year-old boy presents with constant urinary dribbling. What is the most appropriate treatment?
• Which of the following is a known manifestation on the fetus from Parvovirus B19 infection?
• Which age group is most commonly affected by xerosis?
• What is the first-line management for uncomplicated gonorrhea?
• What is the usual indication for radical nephrectomy?
• Which investigation is best for a child presenting with abdominal pain and anemia, showing basophilic stippling in the blood film?
• How long after a stroke or TIA can a person typically resume driving?
• What is the most common causative organism of malignant otitis externa?
• What is a pterygium?
• How soon after an uncomplicated myocardial infarction can a patient typically start driving after successful treatment?
• What could indicate the need for further investigation in a patient over 60 with new onset diabetes?
• What symptom is not commonly associated with nephrotic syndrome?
• What characterizes oppositional defiant disorder?
• A newborn develops progressive conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with pale stools. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What is the mechanism of action of acarbose?
• What is a common side effect of doxycycline that patients should be warned about?
• A 25-year-old woman has a lump in her groin that does not reduce when lying down. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What stage of Lymphogranuloma venereum presents with lymphadenitis?
• Which of the following is a manifestation of congenital rubella infection in a fetus?
• Which therapy has been noted as an effective management for PTSD?
• What skin condition is characterized by painless lesions and prolonged persistence?
• What is the primary management option for an ectopic pregnancy?
• When should asymptomatic bacteriuria be treated?
• Which of the following is NOT typically associated with management of chronic graft dysfunction?
• What investigation is indicated for a 5-year-old girl with sore vagina and offensive discharge?
• What type of infection are renal transplant patients particularly at risk for?
• What is the main side effect of vincristine?
• What is the leading cause of blindness in individuals aged 45-64?
• Which of the following conditions tends to deteriorate during pregnancy?
• How long should a patient with Kawasaki disease continue taking aspirin?
• At what age is mammography typically used to investigate new breast lumps?
• What do soft exudates on the retina appear like?
• What is the second line treatment for severe falciparum malaria after IV artesunate?
• How does Sheehan's syndrome primarily manifest?
• Which specific symptom differentiates reactive arthritis from other arthritic conditions?
• Which condition in patients experiencing arrhythmias is often linked to binge drinking?
• What complications can arise in a fetus whose mother has chicken pox?
• Which of the following is a potential complication of multiple myeloma?
• What risk factor is associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome?
• What test is used to investigate lung function in pulmonary fibrosis?
• What is a key characteristic of tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
• What characterizes Goodpasture's disease?
• At what stage of pregnancy is a surgical abortion typically performed?
• What is the diagnosis for a patient developing itchiness and fever 30 minutes after starting a blood transfusion?
• What is the recommended management for a 1cm asymptomatic stone in the renal pelvis of a fit 40-year-old woman?
• What are the typical symptoms of polymyositis?
• What is a characteristic of prion disease?
• Which of the following is a common sign in patients with CML?
• What is a characteristic feature of the rubella rash?
• What is the age range when the HPV vaccine is administered?
• What virus is known to cause Kaposi sarcoma?
• If a patient has a high risk of Down syndrome (>1 in 150), what is the next step in management?
• A deficiency in which complement component leads to increased susceptibility to encapsulated organisms like pneumococcus?
• What is the impact of smoking on the risk of developing ulcerative colitis?
• Which investigation is used to diagnose duodenal ulcers?
• What is the definition of social phobia?
• What is a characteristic finding in patients with microscopic polyangiitis?
• What is the first-line treatment for H. pylori infection?
• What clinical symptoms can present with chronic myeloid leukemia?
• What is a common symptom related to hypercalcemia affecting the bones?
• What is the most likely diagnosis when a fetus has green discolored amniotic fluid and the potential for intrauterine death?
• What is the primary indication for a lumpectomy?
• How does breast milk jaundice typically manifest in newborns?
• What are the localizing signs of a parietal lobe lesion?
• What is a notable feature of Caplan syndrome on chest X-ray?
• A 25-year-old man has a bluish lump in his groin that disappears when lying down. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What causes hard exudates on the retina?
• What is the recommended anti-platelet therapy combo for patients who are already taking aspirin but require additional therapy?
• What is the significance of the papule formation in the pathergy test?
• Yellow nail syndrome is commonly associated with what symptoms?
• Which of the following tumors is most commonly known to metastasize to bone?
• What fetal complication is associated with aspirin use during pregnancy?
• HPV types 16 and 18 are most commonly linked to which disease?
• At what age are infants given their second dose of the MMR vaccine?
• How is Hepatitis A primarily transmitted?
• What is a common sign of fetal anemia associated with hydrop fetalis?
• What is the recommended monitoring for patients taking amiodarone?
• What type of pneumonia is commonly associated with intravenous drug use (IVDU)?
• What laboratory finding is associated with AL amyloidosis?
• Which type of brain hemorrhage are alcoholics most likely to experience?
• How is myopathy characterized in comparison to polymyositis?
• What type of amyloidosis is AA amyloidosis most commonly associated with?
• What is the required condition for discontinuing anti-epileptic medications?
• What is the appropriate follow-up for babies in a breach position after 36 weeks of pregnancy?
• How is viral Leishmaniasis, also known as Kala-azar, commonly characterized?
• What effect does sulfamethoxazole have on trimethoprim?
• Which is NOT a common symptom of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)?
• What does MEN1 syndrome primarily consist of?
• What are the characteristic features of Korsakoff psychosis?
• How is dumping syndrome diagnosed post-gastrectomy?
• What is a recommended treatment for severe endometriosis in patients unfit for surgery?
• What type of genetic inheritance pattern does Lynch Syndrome follow?
• Which condition is characterized by pigmented macules on the lips and is associated with an increased risk of malignancies?
• What antibiotic is commonly used as prophylaxis for individuals in close contact with someone with bacterial meningitis?
• What bacteria is commonly associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome?
• A patient collapses 7 days after delivery without preceding symptoms. What is the likely cause?
• In a 25-year-old patient with a harsh systolic murmur over the precordium that does not change with inspiration and ECG showing biventricular hypertrophy, what is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which scoring criteria are used to assess the severity of acute pancreatitis?
• A 20-year-old student has acute headaches, vomiting, and a pink macular rash after returning from South America. What is the likely diagnosis?
• Which psychiatric condition is associated with the highest mortality?
• Which malignancy is most associated with post-renal transplant patients?
• What heart sound is associated with aortic stenosis?
• What is the primary difference between section 135 and section 136?
• What are the expected liver function test abnormalities in gallstone disease?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a subluxation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb with abduction?
• Which symptom is commonly associated with Bacillus cereus poisoning?
• What genetic inheritance pattern is associated with all MEN2 syndromes?
• Are pelvic fractures associated with pelvic irradiation?
• What is the preferred management for an undisplaced intracapsular hip fracture?
• What should be done when managing measles, especially if complications arise?
• What is the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in adults?
• How does yellow fever typically present?
• A 25-year-old man has pain in the left side of his mouth with fever and pus present. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What is one of the drugs included in the ABVD treatment regimen for Hodgkin's lymphoma?
• What is a key method to diagnose membranous nephropathy?
• Are respiratory complications of measles more severe in overcrowded households?
• What is a common sign during the examination of a patient with Osgood-Schlatter disease?
• What are the common symptoms of Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
• What additional condition warrants the use of antiviral treatment for shingles, regardless of the timing?
• What condition is described as sudden jerking of a single or group of muscles?
• What indicates a diagnosis of Brown Sequard syndrome?
• How does beta thalassemia trait typically present in lab investigations compared to iron deficiency anemia?
• What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
• Which of the following is a marker for medullary thyroid cancer?
• What is the first line management for a 79-year-old man diagnosed with stage 4 renal clear cell carcinoma?
• Which treatment is indicated for a patient on warfarin who presents with a major bleed?
• How does anterior spinal artery thrombosis typically present?
• What markers indicate a current Hepatitis B infection in serology?
• What is one potential diagnosis in a patient with cotton wool spots along with facial pigmented lesions?
• What is the most common cause of hoarse voice in singers?
• What is the initial management approach for psoriasis?
• What is a common ECG finding in digoxin toxicity?
• What is the inheritance pattern for Vitamin D resistant (hypophosphatemic) rickets?
• Which personality disorder is associated with Othello syndrome?
• What are the typical symptoms of delirium tremens during alcohol withdrawal?
• Which treatment approach has been effective for managing adjustment disorder?
• What effect does hypercalcaemia have on the QT interval?
• Which cytology reporting result from fine needle aspiration should raise suspicion for possible malignancy in breast cancer assessment?
• What is the initial dose schedule for the HPV vaccine?
• What is the leading cause of diarrhea after reheating takeaway meals?
• Which is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
• In a case of insulin overdose, what investigation is the choice to confirm the diagnosis?
• What infections are complement deficiencies associated with?
• Can Coxsackie virus cause pericardial effusion?
• What is included in the BEACOPP regimen for managing Hodgkin's lymphoma?
• What is the common acute presentation of HIV infection?
• Which of the following can cause placental perfusion reduction during pregnancy?
• What investigation is used to confirm a Hepatitis C infection?
• Which defect is typically seen in patients with macular damage?
• What is a significant risk factor for pulmonary embolism shortly after delivery?
• What does "sun-ray appearance" on X-ray suggest?
• What is Frey's syndrome also known as?
• What is the pathophysiological mechanism underlying hyper-acute allograft rejection?
• What is a key indication for endoscopy in cases of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?
• What are common symptoms of yellow fever?
• Are liver transaminases raised during EBV glandular fever?
• What is syringobulbia?
• At what age is the shingles vaccine administered?
• Can malignant melanomas be influenced by estrogen?
• What is a critical indication for emergency admission in a patient with gallstones?
• If serum transaminases are raised but not exceeding the limit, what is the recommended action?
• What additional method is sometimes used for gonorrhea treatment if the patient is needle phobic?
• What condition is a contraindication for the use of pioglitazone?
• Which electrolyte abnormality is most likely indicated by headache, nausea, vomiting, and confusion without bony pain?
• Which condition is often linked to BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations?
• Which medication class is commonly associated with interstitial nephritis?
• Which visual field defect is characteristic of glaucoma?
• Which bilirubin level is expected to be normal in patients with gallstone disease?
• What complication can arise from untreated left submandibular gland infections?
• What is the most likely diagnosis of a 2-week-old neonate presenting with vomiting, weight loss, circulatory collapse, and enlarged penis with a pigmented scrotum?
• What investigation should be performed first for a patient with bright red rectal bleeding?
• What is a common indication for performing a mastectomy?
• Which condition features a fear or avoidance of situations where one cannot escape to a safe place?
• What histological features are characteristic of Crohn's disease?
• What are the common signs of acute renal transplant dysfunction?
• Which subtype of malaria is most likely to cause recurrence of pre-existing malaria?
• What is the recommended treatment for B cell lymphoma?
• What is a characteristic symptom of osteoarthritis on X-ray?
• What are common symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?
• What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of terbutaline?
• What is a common effect of a TCA overdose?
• What is the initial investigation to confirm a diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
• What is a common risk factor for developing osteochondritis dissecans?
• What is a common symptom of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord due to Vitamin B12 deficiency?
• What investigations are essential in assessing hemophilia?
• What supportive measures are recommended for managing infantile colic?
• What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?
• What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with urinary incontinence and vaginal discharge after a forceps delivery?
• What is the main mechanism of action of lansoprazole?
• What is typically seen in a renal biopsy for Goodpasture's syndrome?
• For women with Lynch syndrome, what additional screening is recommended?
• What is the inheritance pattern of Friedreich's ataxia?
• What condition may develop in a child with nephrotic syndrome experiencing loin pain and an enlarged kidney?
• What characterizes Dressler's syndrome?
• What is the prognosis for patients with anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid?
• Does warfarin reduce protein C levels in the blood?
• What is the significance of noting lumbar lordosis in a patient with Scheuermann's disease?
• What is the inheritance pattern for Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
• What is the mean age of diagnosis for familial adenomatous polyposis?
• What is the usual age range for the acquisition of H.pylori infection?
• Which feature is typical in rheumatoid arthritis observed on X-rays?
• What is the primary treatment for managing AA amyloidosis?
• Which organism is the most common cause of dendritic ulcers?
• What guidelines are used to determine the need for an ankle X-ray after injury?
• What intervention is best for short-term control in a patient with new vessel formation on the optic disc?
• What should be considered if a patient is experiencing severe bleeding due to DOAC overdose?
• What is holiday heart syndrome?
• What does Lynch Syndrome significantly increase the risk of developing?
• Which condition can lead to endocarditis, meningitis, or epididymo-orchitis after exposure to unpasteurized milk?
• What is a common pulmonary complication associated with Q fever?
• What potential risk does the triple screen test assess during pregnancy?
• By what age should a baby typically be able to startle to loud noises?
• Which personality disorder is associated with a lack of emotional response and pleasure?
• What is the primary cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
• How do individuals with IgA deficiency typically present?
• What procedure might be considered for treating stress incontinence?
• What is the most appropriate investigation for Ulcerative Colitis?
• What is the recommended management for CMV colitis?
• HPV types 6 and 11 are primarily associated with which condition?
• What visual field defect results from a lesion in the left optic tract?
• A 40-year-old man presents with thyroid swelling and lung opacities. What is the most probable diagnosis?
• What is the typical onset time for symptoms of Bacillus cereus after food consumption?
• Which blood parameters are commonly low in patients with viral Leishmaniasis?
• What condition is characterized by reduced ACTH and secondary adrenal insufficiency due to blood loss during delivery?
• How long must fever persist to be considered in Kawasaki disease?
• What is the recommended treatment for DVT in a pregnant woman?
• What can happen to the patient during lithium toxicity at levels exceeding 2 mmol/l?
• Which part of the spinal cord is affected in subacute combined degeneration?
• Membranous nephropathy is associated with which of the following?
• Which feature is commonly observed in someone with personality changes due to frontal lobe lesions?
• What is the most appropriate initial investigation to evaluate a patient with atrial flutter presenting with palpitations and shortness of breath?
• Which of the following symptoms may present in lithium toxicity?
• In a 9-year-old boy with progressive weakness and a family history of similar conditions, what is the most likely diagnosis?
• What condition is indicated by symptoms such as generalized weakness, fever, malaise, joint aches, jaundice, and markedly deranged liver function tests in a patient with a history of risky sexual behavior?
• Which syndrome is characterized by explosive barking and sexual expletives?
• Which of the following is a common symptom of viral Leishmaniasis?
• What is the primary first-line treatment for CML?
• What is a common complication of parotid surgery?
• What is provided to children at 16 weeks of age?
• What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?
• What sign may be present in rubella and can manifest in the soft palate?
• Which symptom is characteristic of Salicylate poisoning?
• What is the role of GGT in liver function tests during gallstone disease?
• What is a common treatment for akathisia caused by antipsychotics?
• Which complication can be expected from tracheal invasion in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma?
• What is the gold standard investigation for renal artery stenosis?
• What is a common symptom of primary biliary cirrhosis?
• Do hemorrhoids typically cause pain during defecation?
• What is the pharmacological management for metastatic non-germ cell seminoma tumors?
• Which medication combination is usually administered to patients about to undergo PCI?
• What defines osteochondritis dissecans?
• Which of the following can indicate possible chronic Hepatitis B infection?
• Which condition indicates the need for phototherapy in psoriasis treatment?
• Do NSAIDs maintain patency of the ductus arteriosus?
• Repeated exposure to what decibel level can lead to hearing loss?
• What is a likely diagnosis for a 13-month-old boy presenting with eczematous rashes, pruritus, loose stools, and colic?
• After an episode of unexplained syncope, how long is a patient banned from driving?
• Which feature is NOT associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on an X-ray?
• How should a patient on warfarin be managed if their INR is between 5-8 without bleeding?
• What is the long-term management strategy for a cholesterol embolism?
• What management option can be considered for patients with urge incontinence not responding to conservative treatment?
• What duration do symptoms from Bacillus cereus typically last?
• Which of the following is a treatment option for urge incontinence?
• Which condition is a notable example of B antibody deficiency?
• Which of the following best defines malingering?
• What is the consequence of using ACE inhibitors in pregnant women?
• What is a key feature of anankastic personality disorder?
• What is the initial management for direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) overdose if it is within 1 hour?
• Which of the following indicates a lesion in the frontal lobe?
• What is the primary deficiency in the majority of congenital adrenal hyperplasia cases?
• What is the NICE guideline regarding the timing of oral antiviral treatment for shingles?
• Is there an increased incidence of late leukaemia associated with radioactive iodine treatment for thyrotoxicosis?
• How does chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) typically present clinically?
• What are the common clinical manifestations of Churg-Strauss syndrome?
• Which medication is known to potentially cause a gout flare-up?
• Which side effect is associated with cyclophosphamide?
• Which of the following is NOT a normal sign of pregnancy?
• How does the bone profile appear in primary hyperparathyroidism?
• What is a Marcus Gunn pupil?
• Which condition is characterized by anterior knee pain, especially when walking downstairs, in a 15-year-old girl?
• What is the investigation of choice for Hirschsprung's disease?
• What is the primary side effect of vinblastine?
• What condition can idiopathic intracranial hypertension lead to if untreated?
• What characterizes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?
• What fetal defect is carbamazepine associated with?
• What is the first-line imaging technique for suspected breast cancer in individuals under 35 years old?
• How does a sliding hiatus hernia typically present?
• What defines spondylolisthesis?
• What does the acronym "CRASH" stand for in Kawasaki disease presentation?
• What are the potential effects of beta blockers on pregnancy?
• How does a lesion in the right hemisphere typically manifest in right-handed individuals?
• Which autoantibody is commonly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
• Which neurological symptom can result from TCA overdose?
• A lady presents with lumpy breasts just before her period. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• What is an indication for using non-biologic medications to treat psoriasis?
• At what maternal age is the risk of having a child with Down syndrome significantly increased to greater than 1:50?
• At what gestational age is the foetal anomaly scan typically performed?
• Which sign is commonly associated with malignant otitis externa?
• What management strategy is recommended for symptomatic patients with polycythemia vera?
• What characterizes Budd-Chiari syndrome?
• Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy is primarily treated with which medication?
• What effect does sodium valproate have on cytochrome P450 enzymes?
• A 25-year-old presents with chronic hypertension and renal changes; what is the likely diagnosis?
• What is the recommended monitoring regime for lithium levels?
• How does spinal cord compression typically present compared to cauda equina syndrome?
• How do unilateral lesions in the midbrain typically present?
• Which condition typically presents with diarrhea as a symptom?
• What classification system is used for hip fractures?
• Teardrop cells are associated with which of the following conditions?
• What is the diagnosis for a patient experiencing shortness of breath, chest pain, and hypotension within the first 2 minutes of a blood transfusion?
• Which movement disorder is most frequently seen in rheumatic fever?
• What type of heart sound indicates mixed aortic stenosis and incompetence?
• What cancer is associated with the use of Diethylstilbestrol?
• What contraindicates the use of Zanamivir?
• What components make up MEN2A syndrome?
• What complication can occur as a result of nephrotic syndrome related to blood viscosity?
• Which medications are known to reduce the effectiveness of the Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COCP)?
• What type of challenges does syringomyelia present?
• What symptom is commonly reported in patients with posterior scleritis?
• What is a significant route of transmission for Hepatitis B?
• Which of the following is a clinical presentation of syringobulbia?
• Which syndrome is characterized by the involvement of cranial nerves?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic symptom of a posterior inferior cerebellar infarct?
• What is chloasma?
• What dietary advice is typically given to patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)?
• Which hearing test is commonly used for newborn infants?
• Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with a posterior inferior cerebellar infarct?
• Histrionic personality disorder often involves which of the following characteristics?
• What condition can be treated with diuretics for oedema management?
• What does a bone profile investigation typically assess?
• What is the most likely cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia shortly after birth?
• Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with rubella?
• What is the follow-up management for a child under 6 months with a UTI addressing the response to antibiotics?
• What syndrome is characterized by a triad of symptoms including microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and acute renal failure?
• What is a common approach to monitor the condition of patients with polycythemia vera?
• What is the first choice of diagnostic investigation for Legionnaires' disease?
• What is the recommended management for a child with a severe asthma episode who has partially responded to bronchodilator therapy?
• What is the standard management regimen for Hodgkin's lymphoma?
• Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome?
• What abnormality is associated with myelodysplastic syndrome?
• What is the pattern of inheritance for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)?
• What does positive anti-HBs antibody and antigen indicate in Hepatitis B serology?
• Which of the following is likely the diagnosis for a young man with acute onset of pain in the elbow and tendon after recent travel and unprotected sex?
• What treatment regimen is commonly used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
• What is the primary concern in patients with anorexia nervosa regarding their hormonal levels?
• What treatment is commonly indicated for symptomatic varicose veins?
• What type of infections are associated with T cell deficiencies?
• What is the referral criterion for specialist assessment for burns in adults?
• What type of movement characterizes a tic?
• What procedure is recommended for two 7mm calculi in the lower pole of the renal pelvis if ECSL has failed?
• Which abnormal cells are associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency?
• What does Virchow's triad describe in relation to venous thromboembolism (VTE)?
• What diagnosis is most likely for a 46-year-old man experiencing painful swelling above his right testis after a recent vasectomy?
• A 50-year-old farmer presents with fever and flu-like symptoms after a tick bite. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which drug is most commonly associated with drug-induced lupus?
• What describes the involuntary movements seen in myoclonus?
• What is the recommended management for acute otitis externa with discharge and ear pain?
• What is a common approach to managing pubic symphysis dysfunction during pregnancy?
• What fetal damage is associated with the use of streptomycin during pregnancy?
• How should reactive arthritis related to infection be managed?
• What class of drugs includes tacrolimus, used in immunosuppression?
• What are the common patterns associated with primary immunodeficiency?