What are common symptoms of hypercalcemia?

The phrase "Bones, stones, groans, and moans" is a commonly used mnemonic that encapsulates the classic symptoms associated with hypercalcemia. This condition, characterized by elevated levels of calcium in the blood, can lead to various manifestations.

• "Bones" refers to the potential for bone pain and conditions such as osteoporosis, which can arise due to calcium being drained from bones.

• "Stones" highlights the increased risk of kidney stones, as high calcium levels can lead to the formation of calcium-based stones in the kidneys.

• "Groans" describes gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal pain, which are frequently seen in individuals with hypercalcemia.

• "Moans" indicates neuropsychiatric symptoms, which may include confusion, lethargy, and depression.

This mnemonic effectively illustrates the multi-systemic impact of hypercalcemia, making it a valuable tool for clinicians and students alike to remember the associated symptoms.