What characterizes Ogilvie syndrome?

Ogilvie syndrome, also known as acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, is characterized by a dramatic dilation of the colon without any underlying mechanical obstruction. This condition often presents in patients who are hospitalized or those who have undergone surgery, particularly involving the abdomen. It is thought to be related to various factors, such as electrolyte imbalances, medications (especially opioids), and underlying diseases that influence motility.

In Ogilvie syndrome, the key aspect is that it mimics an obstruction; however, imaging studies typically show that there is no physical blockage in the intestines. The condition can lead to severe complications if not addressed promptly, including bowel perforation or ischemia. The management often involves addressing underlying causes, supportive care, and in some cases, decompression methods.

The other options, while relevant in different contexts, do not define Ogilvie syndrome. Inflammation of the colon may indicate conditions like colitis, chronic constipation describes a different issue related to bowel habits, and colonic cancer involves an obstructive process that can be confused with Ogilvie syndrome but is distinctly different in etiology and treatment approach.