What complication can arise from untreated left submandibular gland infections?

Untreated left submandibular gland infections can lead to cervical necrotizing fasciitis, a severe soft-tissue infection that involves the fascial planes of the neck. This condition can arise when bacteria, often originating from oral flora, proliferate and spread rapidly through connective tissue and fascial planes. The submandibular area is particularly susceptible due to its anatomical position and the potential for infections to spread from nearby structures, such as the teeth or oral cavity.

As the infection progresses, it can cause widespread inflammation, tissue death, and systemic toxicity. The rapid spread associated with necrotizing fasciitis can compromise vascular supply and lead to chronic complications if not recognized and treated urgently. Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling, and systemic signs such as fever and malaise, requiring immediate medical intervention, often including surgery and broad-spectrum antibiotics.

The other options, while they can be complications of infections or related conditions, are less directly associated with localized infections of the submandibular gland. Airway obstruction could occur in severe cases as the swelling progresses, but it is more a consequence of extensive soft tissue involvement rather than a primary complication. Endocarditis is primarily associated with systemic bacteremia affecting the heart, which is not directly linked