What complications are associated with a sliding hiatus hernia?

A sliding hiatus hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. The complications associated with this condition primarily involve gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which can lead to various related issues.

When considering option B, gallstones and diverticular disease are associated with sliding hiatus hernia in the sense that the chronic acid reflux and physiological changes related to the hernia can affect gastrointestinal motility and contribute to the development of other digestive disorders. While these conditions are not direct complications of the hernia itself, they can be seen more frequently in individuals experiencing chronic reflux symptoms, potentially leading to gallbladder and diverticular issues.

The other options do not typically relate to sliding hiatus hernias. Heart disease, kidney stones, and chronic constipation are conditions that may occur independently of the hernia. While individuals with sliding hiatus hernias might experience various health issues, the linkage is more significant for gallstones and diverticular disease due to their common association with gastrointestinal disturbances caused by reflux symptoms.