What components make up MEN2A syndrome?

MEN2A syndrome, also known as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A, is characterized by a specific combination of endocrine tumors. The correct answer identifies the three main components of this syndrome: pheochromocytomas, medullary thyroid cancer, and hyperparathyroidism.

Pheochromocytomas are tumors of the adrenal glands that produce catecholamines, leading to symptoms such as hypertension, palpitations, and sweating. Medullary thyroid cancer arises from C-cells in the thyroid and is associated with elevated levels of calcitonin. Hyperparathyroidism in MEN2A typically results from overactivity of parathyroid glands, which can lead to increased calcium levels in the blood, causing various medical issues.

Each component plays a significant role in the clinical presentation and management of MEN2A, which is critical for diagnosis and treatment planning. Therefore, recognizing the specific association of these tumors is essential for healthcare professionals involved in genetic counseling and patient care for those with a risk of MEN2A.