What investigation is used to confirm a Hepatitis C infection?

To confirm a Hepatitis C infection, the HCV RNA test is utilized. This test detects the presence of the viral RNA in the blood, indicating an active infection. It is crucial because while the HCV antibody test can initially suggest exposure to the virus, it does not determine whether the infection is ongoing or if it has cleared on its own. The HCV RNA test quantifies the viral load, providing information on the severity of the infection and guiding treatment decisions.

A liver biopsy is a procedure to assess the extent of liver damage but does not confirm the presence of the virus itself. Similarly, the HCV antigen test can indicate ongoing infection but is less commonly used for this purpose than the HCV RNA test. Thus, the HCV RNA test is the most definitive method for confirming an active Hepatitis C infection.