What is Bartter syndrome?

Bartter syndrome is a rare inherited condition that primarily affects the kidneys' ability to reabsorb certain electrolytes, leading to significant electrolyte imbalances in the body. This condition is typically characterized by a loss of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions, which can result in various symptoms such as dehydration, muscle weakness, and growth issues in children.

The genetic mutations associated with Bartter syndrome affect the transporters responsible for managing these electrolytes in the renal tubules. As a result, patients often experience chronic metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia (low potassium levels). The inherited nature of Bartter syndrome means that it can be passed from parents to offspring, indicating its role as a congenital condition rather than an acquired one.

The other options do not accurately define Bartter syndrome. The condition does not relate to excessive nutrient absorption, nor is it limited to males, as it affects both genders. Additionally, while it may lead to some degree of fluid imbalance, it does not directly cause high blood pressure; in fact, patients often exhibit low blood pressure due to fluid loss. This understanding helps clarify why the correct answer focuses on the electrolyte imbalances caused by this genetic disorder.