What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is gallstone obstruction. Gallstones can obstruct the pancreatic duct or the common bile duct, leading to inflammation of the pancreas. This obstruction can cause increased pressure within the pancreas and lead to the premature activation of digestive enzymes, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.

While alcohol consumption is also a significant cause of acute pancreatitis, especially in certain populations, studies show that gallstones are the leading cause in most cases, particularly in the general population. Other causes like scorpion stings and certain drugs account for a smaller percentage of pancreatitis cases and are less prevalent overall compared to gallstones and alcohol. Understanding the primary etiologies helps in early recognition and management of the condition, emphasizing the importance of gallstone-related complications in the context of acute pancreatitis.