What markers indicate a current Hepatitis B infection in serology?

A current Hepatitis B infection is typically characterized by the presence of certain serological markers. The most direct marker is the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), which indicates that the virus is present in the blood. When HBsAg is positive, it confirms an ongoing infection.

In addition to HBsAg, the presence of HBeAg can suggest higher levels of viral replication and infectivity, as it is a marker of active virus replication. The detection of HBV DNA, which reflects the actual viral load in the bloodstream, further supports an active infection. Therefore, the combination of HBsAg positivity along with HBeAg and potentially HBV DNA shows a current active Hepatitis B infection and is indicative of a more severe disease state.

The other options do not reflect the current infection state accurately. For example, having only HBsAg positive would imply infection, but does not provide the context of replication indicated by HBeAg or HBV DNA. Likewise, a negative HBsAg with positive anti-HBc denotes a resolved infection rather than a current one, and the presence of IgM anti-HBc alone would indicate a recent infection, but again lacks the comprehensive picture presented in the correct choice.