Which investigation is used to diagnose duodenal ulcers?

The investigation commonly used to diagnose duodenal ulcers is a gastroscopy, also known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). This procedure allows for direct visualization of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. During a gastroscopy, a flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth, enabling the physician to examine the lining of these organs for any abnormalities such as ulcers, inflammation, or other pathological changes.

Furthermore, gastroscopy allows for potential biopsy if any suspicious areas are found, which can help in determining whether the ulcer is associated with conditions like H. pylori infection or malignancy. This capability to not only visualize but also intervene directly makes gastroscopy the preferred method for diagnosing duodenal ulcers.

Other methods, like CT scans or X-rays, provide images but do not allow for direct examination of the duodenum or the opportunity to obtain tissue samples, limiting their diagnostic utility for conditions like duodenal ulcers. Flexible sigmoidoscopy focuses on the lower gastrointestinal tract and does not reach the duodenum, indicating that it is not suitable for diagnosing issues in that area.