Which of the following indicates a lesion in the frontal lobe?

The presence of expressive dysphasia and anosmia points to a lesion in the frontal lobe due to the specific functions associated with this area of the brain. Expressive dysphasia, or Broca's aphasia, occurs when there is damage to Broca’s area, which is located in the left frontal lobe and is essential for speech production. This condition results in difficulty forming coherent sentences while often retaining the ability to understand language.

Anosmia, which refers to the loss of the sense of smell, can also be linked to frontal lobe lesions. The olfactory bulbs and tracts, responsible for the sense of smell, are located just underneath the frontal lobes, and damage in this region can disrupt olfactory pathways.

In contrast, other options reflect issues associated with different parts of the brain. Memory impairment and personality changes are more indicative of damage to the medial temporal lobe or the prefrontal cortex but do not singularly point to a frontal lobe lesion. Visuospatial difficulties and sensory loss are typically associated with parietal lobe disorders. Lastly, reduced corneal reflex and motor cortex dysfunction are often linked to brainstem lesions or specific motor pathways rather than solely a frontal lobe issue. Therefore, the