Which of the following is a clinical presentation of syringobulbia?

Syringobulbia is a condition characterized by the formation of a fluid-filled cavity (syrinx) in the spinal cord, typically affecting the bulb, which corresponds to the lower part of the brain where cranial nerves originate. One of the primary clinical presentations of this condition is cranial nerve palsies. This occurs because the syrinx can compress the cranial nerves, particularly those that are responsible for functions such as swallowing, speech, and sensation.

Patients may experience deficits depending on which cranial nerves are affected. For example, if the glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve is impacted, the individual might have swallowing difficulties or changes in voice. The presence of cranial nerve issues is indicative of the underlying pathology and provides important diagnostic information for the condition.

Other options like unilateral hearing loss can occur due to various causes, but it is not a specific sign of syringobulbia and is more typically associated with issues in the auditory pathway. Muscle spasms can result from various neurological conditions but are not a hallmark of syringobulbia. Similarly, atrophy of the lower limbs may occur in other neuromuscular disorders but is not directly linked to syringobulbia, where the focus is more on