Which of the following is a symptom of Boerhaave syndrome?

Boerhaave syndrome is characterized by a spontaneous rupture of the esophagus, often following severe vomiting or other forms of increased intra-esophageal pressure. One of the hallmark symptoms associated with this condition is retrosternal pain, which refers to pain located behind the sternum (breastbone). This type of pain occurs due to the irritation of the surrounding tissues and inflammation that result from the rupture.

Patients typically describe this pain as severe and can be associated with other symptoms, but retrosternal pain is a classic indicator because it directly relates to the esophagus and the physiological changes occurring in Boerhaave syndrome. Recognizing retrosternal pain as a symptom is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention, as this condition can lead to life-threatening complications if not addressed promptly.

Other symptoms, while they may occur in the context of related conditions or secondary complications, do not serve as primary indicators of Boerhaave syndrome itself.